References

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4] Survey by Dr Bernard Rimland. See www.autism.com/ari

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6] Hoffer, A (1994). Chronic schizophrenic patients treated 10 years or more. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, 9, 7—37; and Hoffer, A (2000). Vitamin B3 and Schizophrenia: discovery, recovery, controversy. Quarry Press, Kingston, Canada.

7] Poldinger, W et al (1991). A functional-dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency and target syndrome in a comparison of
5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology, 24, 2, 53—81.

8] Gesch, B (2002). Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 22—8.

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13] Shepherd, J (2001). Effects of oestrogen on cognition, mood and degenerative brain diseases. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington), 41, 2, 221—228.

14] Ecclestone, D, L (1993). Tryptophan and depressive illness: a valuable adjunct to therapy? Psychiatric Bulletin, 17, 223—224.

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an antidepressant. Folia Pychiatrica et Neurologica, 32, 2, 225ff.

17] Beckmann, H et al (1979). DL-phenylalanine versus imipramine: a double-blind controlled study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr, 227,1, 49—58

.18] Deijen, J B et al (1999). Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course. Brain Research Bulletin, 48, 2 , 203—209.

19] Cass, H (2001). 'SAMe — the master tuner supplement for
the 21st century'. www.naturallyhigh.co.uk

20] Kagan, B L et al (1990). Oral S-adenosylmethionine
in depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 5, 591—595.

21] Janicak, P G et al (1989). Parenteral S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) in depression: literature review and preliminary data. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 25, 238—242.

22] Hibbeln, J R (1998). Fish consumption and major depression. Lancet, 351, 1213.

23] Nemets, B et al (2002). Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 477—479.

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© Human Givens Publishing Limited and Patrick Holford (2003)

This article first appeared in Volume 9, No, 4 (2003) of the Human Givens journal

PATRICK HOLFORD is founder of the Institute of Optimum Nutrition, the largest UK training school for nutrition consultants. He trains doctors and health practitioners in nutrition and is author of 20 books. His latest, Optimum Nutrition for the Mind (Piatkus, £16.99) is published in January.
Patrick will be touring Britain from March 3 to March 22, giving four seminars in 18 cities. The seminars are 'Kid life crisis', 'Schizophrenia can be cured', 'Beat fatigue, anxiety and depression' and 'Prevent and reverse memory decline'.
For further details about these seminars in Northampton, Birmingham, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin, Manchester, Hereford, Bristol, Exeter, Bournemouth, Southampton, Brighton, Southend, Oxford and London, visit www.patrickholford.com or call 020 8871 2949.

> More information, including all references, can be found in the following book, by Joe Griffin and Ivan Tyrrell

> A helpful CD which helps with relaxation is:

RELAX... using your own innate resources to let go of pent-up stress and negative emotion

> You can find out more on the issues raised in this article on the following related pages:

Schizophrenia

Depression

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